Printing telegraph receiver



.Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON 2,585,041

PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER Filed July 17, 1947 12 Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER l2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 17, 1947 z a 0 a 6 0 2 8 am y m 3 2 K I 6 l 5. 9 7 4 3 m m. /3 m 9 a FIG 2 Feb. 12, 1952 D, SALMON 2585,04]

PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER Filed Jul 17, 1947 12 Sheets-Sheet a amp/1 Y Feb. 12, 1952 R SALMON 2,585,041

PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER Filed July 17, 194? I 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 @WW fix/M Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON 2,585,041

PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER l2 SheetsSheet 6 Filed July 1'7, 1947 Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON PRINTING TELEGRAPH REcEIvER l2 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed July 17, 1947 Feb. 12, 1952 Filed July 17, 1947 F/GQ. /27 so I26 I25 R D. SALMON PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER FIG/O.

.12 Sheets-Sheet 8 hwEm-m Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 17, 194'? Feb. 12, 1952 R M N 2,585,041

PRINTING TELEGAPH RECEIVER Filed July 17, 1947, 12 Sheets-Sheet l0 -llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll- FIG/2.

l2 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed July 1'7, 1947 FIG/4;

lAl/E/VWQ WM M L B Feb. 12, 1952 R. D. SALMON PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER Filed July 17, 194'? 1'2 Sheets-Sheet 12 a e a a q FIG/5.- -7/Ms 0v MALL/SEC 04- 0 20 4O 0 I00 I20! I I r l 3 45 a Patented Feb. 12 1952 UNITED. s'mrlzs PRINTING TELEGRAPH RECEIVER Reginald Dennis Salmon, Croydon, England, assignor 'toCreed and Company Limited, Croydon, England, a British company Application Julyl'l, 1947, Serial No. 761,523 I .In Great Britain April 3( 1946 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires April 30, 1966 8 Claims. (01. 178 32) This invention relates to printing telegraph receivers.

In existing printing telegraph receivers the signal translating mechnaism is designed primarily to effect the translation of the received signals into printed characters, the actuation of functions being provided as a secondary feature.

According to one feature of the present invention there is provided a. printing telegraph receiver comprisin a plurality of setting members,

one for each element of the code, a like plurality of character-selector-members, a like plurality of code function-selector-members, means linking each setting member with a corresponding character-selector-member and a corresponding funcl5 tion-selector-member, means for moving said setting members selectively in accordance with each received signal, means co-acting with said character-selector-members for Selecting charactors to be printed and separate means co-actselection of characters and a series of spring urged members may be arrangedaround the circumference of the notcheddiscs so that when aligned notches are presented to a spring urged member, that member falls into the path of a stop arm connected to the typewheel. The spring urged members may then be arranged evenly' around the whole circumference of the notched discs apart from the spaces occupied by members linking the said discs to said rods. Substantially the whole circumference of the typewheel may thus be occupied by type-characters, no

blank spaces being left corresponding to functions not involving printing a character. Functions to be performed include printing and character spacing. In the case of printing telegraph receivers using a typewheel, printing is carried out by actuating a printing hammer. In known printing telegraph receivers it is usual to actuate the printing hammer by means of a printing cam through the medium of a printing ball and to place an obstruction in the path either of the printing hammer or ofthe printing bail when printing is not to take place. N

According to a feature of the present inven tion, however, the printing cam is selectivelyreleased for rotation in accordance with the received signal. g i

Several different conse- 25 similarly with regard to the character spacing function, the spacing cam is driven through a clutch separate from that which drives the translator cam sleeve and the engagement of such clutch is controlled by a cam on the translator cam sleeve. The spacing cam can then be selectively released for one or for a plurality of revolutions.

A function-selector-member may be. provided in addition to the code-function-selector-members to determine Whether character spacing is totake place or not.

The arrangement of function-selector-mernbers completely independently of the character selector-members also facilitates the adaption of the printing telegraph receiver to the printing of several difierent kinds of alphabet, as will be clear from the description of a particular embodiment that is given later.

In the receiver according to the present invention character-spacing may precede the printing operation or may succeed it, or printing may take place without spacing. For example an accent may be printed over a character already printed, and this may or may not involve spacing.

The invention will be better understood from the following description of a preferred embodi- --the function-selector-members.

Figs. 2 and 3 are views of the array of function-selector-members with the case shift memher in different positions. 3

Fig. 4 is a view of the rotating shafts and gearing of the receiver.

Fig. 5 shows the arrangements for axial movement of the typewheel.

Fig. 6 is explanatory of part of mechanism for controlling spacin and printing.

Fig. 7 shows part of the mechanism for controlling printing.

Fig. 8 shows part of the mechanism for effecting spacing. q

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the mechanism for the secondary case shift.

Fig. 11 shows the mechanism for releasing the spacin cam sleeve for rotation.

Fig. 12 shows the arrangements for controlling the mechanism of Fig. 11 for tabulation purposes.

Fig. 13 shows the arrangements for controlling the mechanism of Fig. 11 in a receiver adapted for Arabic script.

Fig. 14 shows the arrangements for controlling the mechanism of Fig. 11 on the occasion of printing accents in the Japanese Kara script.

Fig. 15 is a timing diagram of the operation of the printing telegraph receiver.

In theembodiment being described, a typewheel is mounted in 9, carriage traversable parallel to a platen for page printing. The typewheel is rotatable through a splined shaft as described in United States Patent No. 2,382,668-

and in British Patent No. 580,882.

Referring to the accompanying drawings and first to Fig. 15. This is a timing diagramof the operations of the receiver for a five-unit code. Line A shows representative received signals. The response of the receiver electromagnet'to the start element of a signal releases. a selector cam sleeve for rotation for one revolution. On this cam sleeve are mounted five cams. Lines B, C, D, E and F shows the shaping and timing of these respective cams. L'Ihe cam to which line B refers, pushes the armature towards the electromagnet and at the middle of each code element leaves the armature 'free to take up the position determined by the kind of signal element. As soon as it has taken up this position, a cam operating as in line '0, looks it in position. Another cam .(line E) causes a relative traverse of five storage members and an armature member and a striker cam (line D) causes the armature member to act on the successive storage members. The construction of the selector mechanism itself is not shown since it forms no part of the present invention, and selector mechanisms operating as just described are well known. Each storage member is set in one of two different positions according to the kind of signal element received. Cam F causes the release of a translator cam sleeve.

The translator cam sleeve commences to rotate. A cam, the operation of which is illustrated in line .H, moves the five storage members to operate five setting members.

The five setting members are in the form of vertical rods, of which two only, and 2, are shown in Figure 1. Linked with each vertical rod are two'bell crank levers '3 and 4, shown linked with vertical rod 1, and 5 and 6 with vertical rod 2. The rods I, 2 are mounted in guides (not shown) for longitudinal movement.

The five storage members (not shown) are moved towards the 'bell crank levers 3, 4, =5, 6. If a storage member has'been set by a marking condition it strikes one of the lower bell crank levers, such as 4 or 6, to movethe corresponding rod l or 2 downwards in the figure; if' on the other hand a storage member has been set by a spacing condition it strikes the upper bell crank lever such as 3 or 5 to move the corresponding rod 1 or 2 upwards. The rods .1, 2 are linked with character selector members in the form of discs 1, 8 by means of projections 9, 10 on the rods fitting into corresponding recesses in the discs 1, 8. The discs I, 8, together with the other three discs (not shown) are mounted for rotation about a central axial pivot and are' formed with notches around their circumferences. Around the circumference of the assembly of five discs are arranged a number of rods (not shown) spring pressed towards the-discs.

The notches in the discs are disposedfin well known manner, so that for each setting of the discs according to a received signal, one, and only one, of the rods enters a series of aligned notches in the discs and in doing so moves into the path of a stop arm fixed to one of the members through which the above mentioned spline shaft is driven, as described in said British patent. The rotatory movement of the type wheel is timed as shown in line G of Fig. 15.

Five horizontal shafts ll-l5 (Figure 2) are journalled at each end in bearings (not shown) in the framework of the machine. Two of these shafts II and [5 are shown in Figure 1. Fixed to each shaft are rods I6 and mounted on the rods are rollers |.'l, parallel to the shafts, each shaft with'its rollers constituting a code-function-seleetor-meniber, so that for the five unit code there are five code-function-selector-members I8-22 (Figure 2), The five code-functionselector-members are linked to the five vertical rods in the manner shown in Figure 1, for memhers I] and 15 by means of rollers 23 and 24 respectively.

Co-operating with the code-function-selectormembers 18-22 are function-levers, 25, 26, (Figures 2 and 3), 21, :28, (Figure 6) 29, 30 (Figure '7), 3|, 32, (Figure 9) 33, 34 (Figures 1 and 10), I32 (Figure .12). These functionlevers are levers pivoted on rods 35, 36 and are arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the code-function selector members 18-22. Each pair is connected together at the upper ends of the levers by a spring 31 for each pair so that the levers are spring-urged towards the members 18-22.

The levers 25-34 are cut with a series of notches 38 with saw-tooth edges, arranged so that for one particular setting of the code-function-selector-members I8-22 the rollers l7 thereon are opposite the notches of the lever in question. Any notch of a lever is, therefore, cut in one or other of two positions according to whether the lever is to be selected for movement by a marking or spacing position of the corresponding codefunction-selector-member. Thus any particular lever will be free to be moved by its spring 31 for one particular setting of the members l8-22. When any one of the members l8-22 moves into another position on a subsequent setting, the last mentioned levers 25 and 26 will be forced away from the members l8-22, the rollers 11 ensuring a smooth camming action with the minimum of friction.

The function members 25-34 serve directly or indirectly to cause the various functions to be performed. Since the selection of functions is performed by means of the setting of members I8-22 entirely independently of the selection of characters to be printed, which is performed by the discs 1, 8, the rods around the circumference of the latter discs may be, and are, arranged evenly around the whole circumference save for the portion occupied by the links 9, 10 (Figure 1) and thus the whole of the circumference of the type-wheel can be occupied by type characters, no blank spaces being left corresponding to functions not-involving printing of a character.

In this way the outside diameter of the typewheel for a given alphabet and size of type, and thus the moment of inertia thereof can be considerably reduced, the moment of inertia being approximately proportional to the cube of the number of type positions on the wheel.

It is to be noted that the setting of the codefunction-selector-members l8-22 takes place simultaneously with the setting of the code discs I, 8 at the instant shown by the arrow extending between'lines H and G in Fig. 15 and that the codeJunction-selector-members l8-22 remain in whatever position they take up until the position of these members is changed.

The various functions to be performed are carfor printing on the platen 59.

ried out by means of cams. The cams are carried on various cam sleeves, driven through clutches from shafts constantly driven bya meter.

In Figure 4 the motor shaft 39 of a constantly running motor 40, drives a selector shaft 4| through bevel gear wheels 42, 43. The motor supplies the power for all the operations carried out by the printing telegraph receiver (excepting the actuation of the armature of the receiver relay, which is effected by the signal impulses received from this distant transmitter). A gear ,wheel 44 fixed on the selector shaft 4| is in mesh with an equivalent gear wheel 45 fixed to the translator shaft 46. A gear wheel 41 is in mesh with, and driven by gear wheel 45, and is also in mesh with gear wheel, 48, which is fixed to the function shaft 49. As gear wheels 45 and 48 are of the same size the function shaft 49 is driven at the same speed as the translator shaft 46 and the selector shaft 4|. Gear Wheel 41 is also in mesh with, and drives gear wheel 50, fixed to the printing shaft 5|. As gear wheel 50 is the same size as gear wheel 45, the printing shaft 5| is driven at the same speed as the translator shaft 46 and the selector shaft 4|. Gear wheel 52 is also fixed to the printing shaft 5|, and is in mesh with gear wheel 53 which is fixed to the type wheel driving shaft 54. Gear wheel 52 is approximately twice the size of gear wheel 50 or gear wheel 53, so that the type wheel driving shaft 54 is driven at approximately twice the speed of the various shafts mentioned up to the present.

The selector cam sleeve above referred to is driven through a friction clutch from the selector shaft 4|. shown) is driven from the translator shaft 46 through a ratchet clutch. One of the cams on the translator cam sleeve, the timing of which is shown in line L of Fig. 15 in turn releases a de- 4'.

tent holding a printing cam sleeve against rotation and so allows this sleeve to rotate 'for one revolution. The printing cam sleeve carries a cam 55, Fig. 5, the timing of which is shown in line N of Fig. 15, which moves the typewheel 55, Fig. 5, axially to bring either the upper row of type 51, or the lower row of type 58 into position The particular row of type which is brought into the printing position is determined by means of a shift vane 60, Figures 2, 3 and 5. This vane 60 is fixed to a horizontal shaft 6|, mounted similarly to the shafts ||-|5, with its axis in the same vertical plane. The normal position of vane 60 is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 5, the vane being I held in this tilted position by means of a spring 62 extended between a projecting arm 63 fixed to the under side of the vane, and a function member 25 (Figures 2 and 3). In this position of vane 68, the upper row of type 51 is raised into printing position by cam in the following manner. The cam 55 rotates a lever 64 pivoted at 65 in a counter-clockwise direction, and a roller 66 on the lever 64 rotates on arm 51a a bell crank lever 61 about its pivot 68 in a clockwise direction. The other arm 61b of the bell crank lever 61 is fixed to a bail 69 extending parallel to the platen for a distance equal to the extent of movement of the typewheel chariot in traversing a line of printing. Bail 69 is engaged by the'forked end of a lever 19, pivoted at 1| on the typewheel chariot and therefore moving with that chariot along the bail 69. The other end of .the lever 18 is also forked and engages a roller-12,"fixed to The translator cam sleeve (not lever 14 is also pivotedon' th'esame pivot:65' as lever 64, and is linked t one arm of lever 64 by--a spring 15. Lever-14 is,-however, normally prevented from'following the counter-clockwise rotationcf lever 64, by a hook 16, on one arm of a lever 11, which hook engages theturned over 'end-oflever 14.- The end of the other arm of lever 11 abuts against an arm 18 fixed to the underside of.-vane 60. The lever 25 (Figure 2), is the figure-shift function member and when the function-selector-members |8-22 are set in accordancewith the figure-shift signal thelever 25- is pulled by the spring 31 so that the rollers 38-0n the members |8-22 enter the notches in lever 25. The lever 25 is shown in Fig. 3 in its selected position. H

A finger 19. carried by the lever 25 abuts against the arm 63 on the vane 60, and this vane is tilted into the position shownin Figure3, which position an extension thereon rides onto the shoulder 8|a of a latch 8| and thereby rotates this latch through a small angle abouta pivot 82. The pivot 82 is mounted on lever 26, and the latch 8| is held against the tension of a spring 83, which is stretched between an arm of the latch and an arm 84 fixed to lever 26.

When the'rotation of vane 69takes place, 'arm 18, Fig. 5 pressing on the end of lever 11, rotates this lever clock-wise into the position shown in broken lines in Figure 5, and removes the hook 16 from engagement with the turned up end 1411 of lever 14. On the next following rotation of the lifting cam 55, the lever 14 is free to be drawn by spring 15 to follow the movements of lever 64,- and a roller 85 on lever 14rotates through an arcv of greater radius than roller 66 of lever 14 and thus rotates the bell crank lever 61 through a wider arc, and raises the sleeve 13 50 that the lower line of type 58 comes into the printing position instead of the upper line of type 51.

, The general arrangement for raising the typewheel in this manner, apart from the control by the vane 60, is described and claimed in said British Patent No. 580,882.

Printing continues to take place from the lower row 58 oneach occasion the printer hammenis actuated although the figure shift lever, 25 is on subsequent selections forced away from the members l8-22, the vane 68, being held in the figureshift position by latch 8| on lever 26, which is the letter-shift function member. When the lever 26 is selected by the setting of members |8-22 and is thus drawn by spring 31 to the left in Figure.3 the shoulder Bla of the latch 8| moves from engagement with the extension 80 on vane 68 and this vane is rotated clockwise by spring .62 back again into the position shown in Figure 2 with the arm 63 against the end of finger 19. It will be seen therefore. that vane 60 constitutes a case-shift-function-selector-member.

Arranged in the same vertical plane as the shaft 6| carrying vane 60, and the shafts ||-|5. forming. the pivots of the code-function-selectormembers |8-22, are two further horizontal shafts 8-5 and'86, (Figures 2, 3 and 6) on which are fixed vanes 81 and 88. Acam 89 (Fig. 6) on the trans lator cam sleeve, the timing of which is shown in line J of Fig. 15, acts once in each revolution to move a lever 98 in a clockwise direction. Fixed to the lever 90 is an arm 9| ending in a fork 92, the two prongs of which'engage the respective vanes 81 and 88, and momentarily raise them into a horizontal position. The .vaneBlcontrols the .sleeveg13 carrying typewheel 56. Another .75 the printing function, while thevane 88 controls the spacing function of the receiver. As will be seen from lines H and J of Fig. 15 the vanes 81 and 88 Fig. 5 are held inthe horizontal position until the code-function-selector-members take up a setting corresponding to the received signal. The, particular function lever, that is thus selected by the function selector members 18-22 determines whether eitheror both of the vanes Bland 88 shall be held in -a horizontalposition after lever 9| has been moved downwards away from these vanes. Any such function-lever corresponding to a function the operation of which-does not involve printing, such as the figure-shift function lever 25, (Fig. 3) is outwith a notch93 which holds the vane 81 in a horizontal position. Any function lever corresponding to .a function the operation of which does not involve spacing, is cut with a similar notch 94, which holds the spacing vane 88 in horizontal position. Certain function levers such as the figure shift lever 25, shown in Fig. 3, have both notches 93 and 94, since they are required to suppress both printing and spacing, whereas other function-leve'rs such as 21Fig. 6 or 29 Fig. '7, are provided only with one of these notches. Function lever'Z-I (Fig. 6) is an example of-a lever corresponding to a function for which spacing must be suppressed but printing allowed to take place such as -the printingof an accent over a previously printed letter.

Function lever 29 (Fig. -7) corresponds to a function for which printing is suppressed and spacing allowed to take place, such as-the character space function.

When vane 81 is in a horizontal position (Fig. -'7) itengages one arm of adetent lever 95 pivoted at 96 or lever'90 and'holds it in the position shown in full lines in which position the :other arm-of lever 95 engages theend of a cam'followerm'ember 91, pivoted on a shaft and holds itagain'st the tension of aspri'ng- I out of operative connection with a cam 99 on the'translator-cam shaft 46. The timing of cam 99 is shown in line L of Fig. 1 5. Should, however, vane 8'! not be held in a horizontal position, but allowed to assume the position shown in Fig. 6, then the lever 95 isable to take up the position :shown in broken lines in Fig. '7, and the cam follower member 91 is drawn bya spring I00 into engagement with cam 99. When the hollow of the cam 99 comes into contact with the hump on the cam follower member :91 the member assumes the position shown in broken lines and allows the shaft 98 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction. A detent, holding a ratchet clutch (not shown) out of operation, is fixed to the shaft 98, and by this counterclockwise rotation of the shaft the detent is 'removed from operative connection with the clutch and allows a printing cam sleeve to be clutched to the printing shaft I (Fig. 4) forum revolution. The printing cam sleeve carries cams, the operations of which are timed as shown on lines N, O and P of Fig. 15. Line .N shows the timing of cam 55 referred to above. The printing cam line P (Fig. 15) operates a bail, which-in turn operates a printing hammer to strike the type on the type-wheel 56 (Fig. 5) against the platen 59 in the manner describedin said British Pat- {ent No. 580,882.

'The action of the vane 88 is shown in Fig. 8. The sleeve 73 carrying the type-wheel '55 (Fig. 5 is mounted in a type-wheel chariot (not shown) which is traversed parallel to the platen 59 inthemannerrlescribed in said BritishPatent No..580,8.82.. .Fixed. to the type-wheel chariot is pins I'I3'in the slots III and H2.

8. a .feed .pawl .-IOI (Fig. 8) engaging a feed rack vI02, that extends the full width of the machine andthe-chariot alsocarries a retaining pawl (not shown) that engages with a stationary rack I0 3, which also extends the full width of the machine. Rack-I02 isreciprocated for each signal received to the extent of one tooth thereon by a cam the timing -of which is shown in line R of Fig. 15 which cam forms part of the function cam sleeve driven 'from the function shaft 49. This function-cam sleeveis released for rotation by a cam on'the translator cam sleeve the timing of which isshownin-line M of Fig.15. A-cam I04 forming part of the;function cam sleeve on each revolution -reciprocates a lever I05 -in a horizontal direction and thereby moves a link I06. Link I06 is heldby spring IBBa with a latch projection I01 engaging alever I08 and thus this lever I08 is rotated by the movements of link I06 about a pivot-rod 09in a counterclockwise direction and thereby raises a bail H0. The bail H9 is furnished with inclined slots III and I 52. A fixed guide pin H3 fits in slot III and a similar guide pin (not shown) in slot Il2. When, therefore, 'lever I08 is rotated counterclockwise it engages the bail H0 and moves it upwards on the guide This bail H0 engagesa pin I I4 fixed to the feed pawl I0l, and raises this feed pawl from engagement with rack I02 before the rack I02 is reciprocated and holds it out of engagement with the rack during the period of such reciprocation and thus prevents any character spacing movement of the typewheel chariot. The timing of cam I04 is shown in line S 'of Fig. 15 and it will be noted that the feed pawl-IOI is held out of engagement with the rack I02 for a sufficient portion of the movement of this rack (line R of Fig. 15 to ensure that 'whenthefpawl IOI drops back it will be free from the tooth with which-it was previously in engagement, though on the return of rack I02 to original position the pawl IOI will drop into the same position as before. The vane '88 carries an arm 'I I5, having a roller II6 thereon, which engages the 'bent-over en'd I06b of the link I06. The vane 88 is urged towards clockwise rotation about its shaft 86 by spring Ill. If the vane 88 is held in horizontal position by a function lever such as 21 (Fig. 6) the spring I I7 is unable to rotate the vane'and no spacing action takes place, as above described. If, however, the vane is not held by a function lever, the spring I I1 rotates it in a clockwise direction. The roller II6 then moves the link I06 about its pivot I I8 against spring I 06a and so removes the latch I01 from engage- .ment with lever I08. The reciprocation of the link I06 is thus without effect in raising the feed pawl I 0I from engagement with rack I02 and on reciprocation of that rack, spacing movement of the type-wheel chariot takes place. The vane 81 thus constitutes a printing function-selectormember and the vane 88 a spacing functionselector-member.

There is now an increasing demand for provision of more functions than can be provided only by the use of a five-unit code, (or a code which consists of a larger number of units but hasits limitations'owing to the number of permutations thereof which can be used, such as the seven-unit security code used for certain radio circuits) and using only figure and letter shift positions, Accordingly it has been proposed to make certain functions selectable upon the receipt of three successive signals, that is, the figure-shift signal, a secondary shift signal (such the translator cam sleeve.

as the all-blank signal) and the signal representing a function. In the arrangement of the present invention, there is provided a secondary shift signal that can be used alternatively with the figure shift signal. This secondary shift signal may conveniently be the all-blank" signal.

In Fig. 9 there are shown two function levers 3! and 32. Lever 3I is the secondary shift function member and is provided with slots 38 corresponding to an all-blank signal consisting of five successive spaces. When lever 3I moves into the position shown, a vane II9 carried in a rotatable shaft I20 is pressed intoa horizontal position, as' shown, against the tension of a spring I 2| by a finger I22 attached to lever 3| and acting on an extension I23 projecting upwards from vane I I9. Shaft I20 is parallel to and in the same vertical plane as the shafts II-I5 and 6|. A latch I24 is pivotally mounted on a bracket I25, fixed to a part I26 of the framework of the machine, which part is also formed with comb guides for the function levers 25-26- -3I 32, etc. Latch I24 is pulled to the left by a spring I21 attached to function lever 3I and when vane H9 is pressed into the horizontal position, it snaps under the latch I24 and is retained as shown in Fig. 9. i Each of the special function levers such as lever 33 (Fig. 10) is provided with a slot I28 so that it is selectable when vane I I9 is in the horizontal position.

A lever I29 mounted on a pivot I30 has one end cooperating with the latch I24 while the other end is held against a cam I3I carried on The timing of this cam is shown in line K of Fig. 15. This cam rotates lever I29 clockwise once in each revolution, immediately before each change of setting of the code function selector members to withdraw the latch I24 from engagement with the vane H9 and then allows it to fall back. Q

If the secondary shift lever 3| is in selected position the latch I24 when it falls back reeng'ages vane I I9 and holds it in horizontal position. The next following setting of the codefunction selector members Ill-22 is then effective to select a special function lever such as 33, Fig. 10. Upon the latch I24 now being lifted by the lever I29 the vane II9 can move slightly in the notch I25 so that when the latch I24 is allowed-to fall back it does so into the position shown in Fig. 10'. If now the setting of members I8-22 in accordance with the next following signal changes so that the lever 33 is cammed to the left in Fig. 10, by the rollers 38 coming out of the notches in said lever, the vane II9 will be immediately tilted back by the spring I2I to its original position shown in Figs. 2 and 3, because the lever 33 will free the vane I I9 before another special function lever movesfar enough towards selected position for the slot I28 in the latter to engage vane II9. The consequence of this is that the selection of a function following theselection of the all-blank function lever 3| is effective for one function only, but any lever such as 33 which is selected following the all-blank signal can remain in the selected position in the event of repetitions of the same signal as many times as may be desired, since on repetitions of the same signal no change occurs in the setting of members I 8-22.

It will be noted from the drawings that the selection of special function levers such as 33 is independent of the position of the case shiftfunction selector-member 60. Whatever posifnember s up to twenty-six with the vane in tion this member is in, it is immediately effective after the special function has been performed.

The above described arrangement provides the following facilities with a five-unit code:

Selection and printing of twenty-six characters in the letter-shift position of the apparatus. No function members are selected in response to the receipt of signals representing any of these characters.

Selection and printing of ten numerals and fourteen signs in the figure-shift position of the apparatus. Again no function members are selected in response to the receipt of signals representing any of these characters unless it be necessary in the case of one or more of the fourteen signs, to print the sign without character spacing occurring. In this latter case a function member is selected in response to the particular setting or settings of the code-function-selectormembers I8-22 representing the character or charactersand the setting of the case-shift vane 60 in figure-shift position, the vane II9 being in unset position.

Selection of two functions, viz, the release of the answer-back mechanism, and the actuation of a calling bell by the movement oftwo respective function members selected by the setting of the vane 60 in figure-shift position and the respective settings of the code-function-selectormembers I8-22, the vane II9 being in unset position.

Selection of letter-shift, figure-shift and sec ondary-shift function members as previously described by means of appropriate settings of the code-function-selector-members Ill-22 with the vane 69 in either letter-shift or figure-shift position, and the secondary-shift vane H9 in either position.

Selection of carriage return, line feed and character space function members by means of appropriate settings of the code-function-selectormembers Iii-22 with the vane 60 in either position and the secondary-shift vane H9 in unset position. H I

Selection of any number of special function either position and the secondary-shift vane H9 in set position.

7 As an example of one of the special functions above referred to, the tabulator function may be taken.- When a tabulator function member I32 (Fig. 12) is selected the result is to cause the rotation of the spacing cam to continue through a plurality of revolutions to traverse the type-wheel carriage up to the commencement of a new column.

Fig. 11 showsthe normal arrangement whereby the function cam sleeve I33 is clutched to the function shaft 49 under the control of a cam I34 on thetranslator cam shaft. As previously described the translator cam sleeve is rotated once for every received signal. The timing of cam I34 thereon is shown in line M of Fig. 15. This cam I34acts through the medium of an operating arm I35 (Fig. 1l) upon a detent I36 that is normally holding a'pawl I31 pivoted on the spacing cam 1 l a support I42 mountedon the frame-work ofthe machine.

The arm. I35.is urged by spring I43, into engagement with cam I34 and when the hollow of this cam is presented to the end of the arm I35, the armis moved by the spring I43 in a-clockwise direction. A finger I44 on the arm I presses on an upturned portion I of a detent trip finger I46 which is pivoted on the same pivot I4'I'as the arm I35. The detent trip finger I46 in moving clockwise engages an upturned portion I48 of the lever I39 and rotates this lever against a spring I49 to withdraw the detent I36 from engagement with the pawl I31. The pawl I31 is thereupon. pulled by a spring (not, shown) into engagement with the ratchet I38 and in consequence the function cam sleeve I33 rotates with theshaft 49. In Fig. 11 the cam I34 and the levers operated thereby are shown in the positions they occupy when detent I36 has just been withr drawn from pawl I 31 but this latter is for clearness shown in the position when the. cam sleeve I33 has completed half-a-revolution.

After the detent I36 has been removed from engagement with the pawl I31 it is restored into the path of the pawl since the further rotation of cam I34 allows the finger I44 to be withdrawn from engagement with the detent trip finger. I46 and the lever I39. is rotated by its spring I49 in a counter-clockwise direction. It will be noted that there is a second lever I50 similar to lever I39 pivoted ona spring arm I5I similar to. spring arm MI and connected withlever I39 by the spring I49. Thepawl I31 rides under the lever I59 and after the pawl has been engaged by detent. I35 lever I56 restricts any rebound.

The function cam sleeve I33 carries the spacing cam (lineR of Fig. 15), cam I94 previously referred to (line 8- of Fig. 15) and a third cam (line T of V Fig. 15) \v ith which this invention is not concerned. I

The operation ofthe tabulator function lever I32 is shown in Fig. 12. A three-armed lever I52 ispivoted on the framework of the machine at I53 and an armthereof, I54, is held against the tabulate function lever I32 by a spring I55. When therefore the tabulator function lever is selected and moves to the right in the figure the three-armed lever is free to be rotated in a clockwise direction to a sufficient extent so that a hook I56 on one of the arms I51 engages a projection 58 on the detent grip finger I as and so holds this finger I46 in its extreme clockwise position. The detent I 36 is thus held out of the path of the pawl I31 and the function cam sleeve I33 continues to rotate for more than one revolution. This rotation will continue, the type-wheel chariot being being moved one step at each revolution until a bail (not shown) on the chariot engagesa turnedover portion I59 on the third arm I60 of the three-armed lever I52 and so removes the hook I56 from engagement with the projection I58 on the detent trip finger I46 and the detent I36 is free to be pulled by its spring I49 into the path of the pawl I31 and the rotation of the cam sleeve I33 is arrested.

The above-described arrangements for release of the function cam sleeve I33 from the translator cam sleeve facilitate the solution of a problem which occurs in the printing of characters in certain scripts other than the Roman script. Inthe Arabic script for example, the characters differ considerably amongst themselves in the, character spacing required and these differences @112 299 12 great for a uniform compromise spacing to be satisfactory.

According to afeature of this invention there is provided a printing telegraph receiver adapted for the printing of characters, which require a greater character spacing in the case of. some characters than in the case of others comprising means operative upon the receipt of a signal representing a character to effect the required character. spacing.

A satisfactory compromise in the case of Arabic characters is obtained by dividing them intotwo classes, characters in one class requiring twicethe spacingof those in the other.

For thepurpose of example, a form of Arabic script already adopted for typewriters will be used though it willbe clear that modifications could be made as required. These typewriters use ninety-two letters, signs and numerals and use forty-six keys with two characters on each key together with case shift means.

In order to represent these characters in printing; telegraph code it is necessary to use a. sixunitcodeand in order to select function levers it is necessary to have-six code-function-selectormembers and accordingly a sixth member is addedto the members. I8 to 22. A six unit code allows of the selection of 64 signal combinations and therefore to provide for 92 characters and, in addition, the necessary functions; a case-shift signal is allottedand a case-shift selector member is provided which operates exactly as described above forvane 6.0.

There are fewer narrow characters than there are widecharacters and therefore the normal arrangement of the Arabic receiver is to cause the normalspacing upon'the receipt of a character tobe, two-spacing units but to cause this to be modified on the receipt of a narrow character so that in such case spacing takes place only to the extentlofonespacing unit. It is therefore arrange that the function shaft 49 is driven at twice the speed of the translator shaft 46 or the printingshaft 5| (Fig. 4) and the function earn 7 sleeveis clutched thereto to make two revolutions. If, however, a signal representing a narrow character is received a function lever is selected andhasjthe effect of arresting the function cam sleeve after one revolution.

The position is complicated by the fact that certain narrowcharacters in the lower case share respectivesignal combinations with narrow upper case characters whilst certain other narrow lowercase characters share respective signal with wide upper. case. characters.

The signals are. allocated to the various characters in such manner as to reduce to a minimum the number of function levers, the selection of which will cause an alteration of the normal character spacing of. two units to a character spacing of a single unit.

There are twenty-one narrow characters in the lower case and nine in the upper case, the, remaining characters being wide characters. Thesignals are then allocated so that the nine narrow characters in the upper case share respective signals, with nine of the narrow characters in the lower. case, leaving twelve narrow characters in the lower case to share respective signals with twelve wide characters in the upper case.

The characters then fall into three groups, and the first action in allocating the signals to the characters is to divide the signals into two groups, according to the condition of .oneof the signal elements. For Convenience, the first signal element of each code combination is taken. There are thirty-two permutations of the last five signal elements associat ed with a marking condition for the first element and thirty-two permutations associated with a spacing condition for the first element. Twenty-five wide characters inthe upper case and a corresponding twenty-five wide characters in the lower case are then allocated to one of these groups, for example, that group in which the first code element is spacing. Each of the characters in the lower case in this group shares a signal with a character .in the upper case.

The other group of thirty-two signals is then subdivided into two groups of sixteen signals, according to the character of the second element of the signal. To that group of signals in which the first code element is marking and the second code element is spacing are allocated twelve narrow characters in the lower case, and twelve wide characters in the upper case, each of which shares a signal with one of the narrow characters. To that group of signals in which the first code element is marking and the second code element is also marking are allocated the nine narrow upper case characters and the remaining nine lower case characters, a character in the lower case sharing a signal with a character in the upper case.

By means of these arrangements it is possible to select a narrow spacing by means of two function members only. One such member is selected when a signal representing any character in the last mentioned group is received. This function member is selected independently of the position of the case shift function-selector-member when the first and second code-function-selector-members are both in marking position, and independently of the position of the other four code-function-selector-members.

A second function member is selected if the first code-function-selector-member is in marking position and the case shift function-selectormember is in letter shift position, irrespective of the positions of the other five code-function-selector-members.

The selection of either of these two function members causes a single character spacing action to take place.

The spacing control of the release of the function cam sleeve in the case of a receiver adapted for Arabic script is shown in Fig. 13,

When the hollow of cam I 34 on the translator cam shaft is presented to the end of lever I35, the detent I36 is removed from engagement with pawl I31 in the manner previously described. The hollow of cam I34 is of such depth that detent I36 is moved twice as far as is necessary to remove it from the path of pawl I31 and the detent trip finger I 46 is thereupon caught by a latch I6I pivoted at I62 on the framework of the machine, and held in the position shown.

During the first rotation of the function cam sleeve I33 a cam I63 thereon moves a latch I64, also pivoted at I62 in a clockwise direction, but without any effect and then moves latch I6I in a clockwise direction. This latter movement of latch I'6I frees it from engagement with detent trip finger I46 and the detent lever I39 is free to be moved by its spring 549 in a counter-clockwise direction, pushing the detent trip finger I46 with it until the latter is engaged by the end of latch I64. The detent I 36 is still held away from pawl I37 and the function cam sleeve makes another revolution. When on this revolution,

cam I63 moves latch I64. the end of this latch is freed from the detent trip finger I46 and the detent lever. I39 is free to move into the path of pawl I31 and the function cam sleeve I33 is thus arrested after two revolutions,- two character spacings having been given to the type-whee chariot.

One of the function levers selectable when a signal representing a narrow character is received is shown at I65 in Fig. 13. A three-armed lever I66 is pivoted at I61 on the framework of the machine and is urged in a clockwise direction by a spring I68. A horizontal projection I69 on the lever I66 spans both the function levers that are allotted to narrow characters. When one of these function levers such as I65 is selected and moved to the left in Fig. 13, lever I 66 is rotated counterclockwise against spring I68 so that a latch I'IIi which is at the end of an arm lever I66 engages the turned-over end ofan arm I'II fixed'tothe lever I35. In Fig. 13 the arm Ill and lever I35 are shown with the end of the latter entering the hollow in cam I34 and the function lever I65 is shown in unselected position. It will be seen from the timing diaphragm Fig. 15 that the lever I35, if selected, will move into selectedposition ata time shown in line H before the cam I34 releases the function cam sleeve I33, as shown in line M and thus at the time lever I35 is selected, latch I16 can engage the end of arm, I'II. When the hollow of cam I34 is later presented to the end of lever I35 the lever can only partly follow the cam under the influence of spring I 43, the latch I'Ill engaging the end of arm I'II preventing the arm I35 from fully following the cam. Lever I35 is free to move to such anextent that detent grip finger I46 moves to sufficient extent clockwise for its end to engage behind the end of latch I64 but not sufiicient to engage behind latch I6I.

The function cam sleeve I33 is released for rotation as previously described and on the first rotation cam I63 frees latch I64 from detent finger I46 and detent I36 is returned into the path of pawl I31 to arrest the function cam sleeve I33 after one revolution only.

Similar character spacing arrangements are useful for other scripts. For example, in a receiver for printing in the Japanese Kara script it is required that if an accent be printed over a-character previously printed a character space should be effected. This is required because of the system of charging for telegrams used in Japan. In the printing telegraph receiver being described the operation of character spacing precedes that of printing as will be seen bycomparison of lines R and P in the timing diagram Fig- 15, and accordingly when the receiver is adapted to print Kara characters the character spacing before the printing is suppressed if a signal representing an accent is received and character spacing is then allowed to take place after the printing of the accent has been accomplished. Fig. 14 shows arrangement for this purpose. The function cam sleeve I33 is released for rotation with the shaft 49in a manner similar to that described above. As in the case of the Arabic script the function cam sleeve I33 is driven at twice the speed of the other cam sleeves but is released for rotation for one revolution only. Normally the function cam sleeve I33 is released for rotation when the hollow of cam I34 is presented to the end of lever I35.

Should a signal representing an accent be received afunction lever I'I2 is moved into selected position. A latch"I*'I3'is pivoted-on the framework of" the machine at I14- and is held by a spring I115: latch I131 has a turned-over end M6 and isheld' against lever I12. When, therefore the function lever I12 moves into selected position latch I13 follows'it and the hook [13a on: one arm of this latch engagesthe turned-over end of arm I1I fixed to lever I35. Lever I is therefore prevented from following cam I34. and irommoving detent lever I39;

Lhe printing cam sleeve is however released from the translator cam shaft and printer cam I11=' the timing of which is shown in line P of Fig. 15 besides effecting printing operates a bell crank lever I18. A' three-armed lever I19 pivoted at I-8Il"isdrawn by a spring I8I so that one arm I82 is held against a pin I83 on the bell crank lever I-18. A second arm I84 of lever 519 carries one end of a link I85, the other end of which is attached to a detent trip finger I86 pivoted at I81. When bell crank lever I18 is actuated by printer cam I11, therefore, lever I19 is moved to'rotate detent trip lever I85 counter-clockwise about pivot I91; This'in turn rotates detent lever I39 about its pivot I to withdraw detent I 38 from engagement with pawl I31. The function camsleeve I33 is accordingly rotated with shaft 492 'I'he movement of detent trip finger I88 is only momentary and thus detent I36 is able to arrest function cam sleeve I33 after one revolutionby engaging pawl I31, as heretofore explained inconnection with the preceding figures.

' Fig. 14 shows function lever I12 in the selected position. In the unselected position of this lever the latch I13 is rotated clockwise from the position shownso that the latch I13 is clear of the arm I1'I' but a turned over end I88 of one arm 'of latch I13 engages a hook I89 on the end of a third arm I90 of three-armed lever I19 and prevents this lever being drawn by spring I8I to follow bell crank lever I18. The release of the functioncam sleeve by the printing cam I11 is thus prevented;

I claim: 7

1. Printing telegraph receiver comprising a plurality of movable. setting-members, one for each element of'the code, a like plurality of movable character-selector-elements, each linked with onev of said setting members and adapted to be moved thereby, a like plurality of rotatable code-function-selector members, each of said selector-memberslinked with one of said settin members, and adaptedv to be rotated through a small angle thereby, each of said selector-members carrying'rollers thereon, a plurality of function levers,spring means attached to each of said levers for urging same towards said selectormembers, each of Said levers provided with a series of notches cooperating with the rollers of said selector-members, said notches being so shaped that the rollers of said selector-members can enter said notches and subsequent angular movement of said members forces the function levers awayi'rom said selector-members, said setting-members selectively moved in accordance with each received signal and means under control of said selector-elements for printing characters.

2. A printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said levers are disposed in pairs on opposite sides of said selector-members, each of said levers pivotally mounted at one end and connected at the other endby saidlspring means, each of said pairs of levers adapted to be moved by said spring means for one particular setting of said selector-members.

3. Printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim: 1, further comprising a printing-functionselector. member, a spacing-function selector member, both of'said last-named members, movably disposed between said levers and adapted tobe engaged by notches therein.

4'. Printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a rotating printing cam, means under. control of said cam to effect printing, said control means coupled to said printing-function-selector member and operative in accordance with received signals.

5. Printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a type shift member, movably mounted between said levers, and adapted tobe rotated through a small angle by said levers, said shift member controlling the nature of the characters printed.

6. Printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim 1 in which said selector-members are rotatable shafts, the rollers on any one shaft being mounted on rods fixed to said shaft in a common plane passing through the axis thereof, said rollers extending parallel to said axis.

7. Printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a driving motor, a plurality of separate shafts, means for differentially coupling said shafts to said motor whereby certain of said shafts rotate at relatively different speeds, a translator cam sleeve including a control' cam, said sleeve adapted to be driven by one of said shafts at a particular speed, a function cam sleeve-including a spacing cam, clutch means for clutching said function cam sleeve to another of said shafts whereby said function cam sleeve is adapted tobe driven at a speed different from that of said translator sleeve, clutch control means adapted to follow said control cam, latch means movably mounted on one of said function levers, said latch means adapted to selectively engage said clutch control means upon movement of saidfunction lever in response to a predetermined received signal combination, said latch 'mean upon actuation adapted to prevent said clutch control means from fully following said control cam, whereby said function cam sleeve is clutched to its associated shaft for a particular angular movement upon actuation of said latch means, said function cam sleeve adapted to be clutched to its. associated shaft for a different angular movement when said latch means is not actuated.

8; Printing telegraph receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said clutch control means further comprises an additional pair of latches, an additional cam on said function ca'm sleeve adapted to cooperate with said latches, said latches adapted to control said clutch means in accordance with the extent to which said clutch control means follow said control cam, said addi tional pair of latches adapted to be actuated by said additional cam,

REGINALD DENNIS SALMON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,884,754 Krum Oct. 25, 1932 2,281,775 Long et a1. May 5, 1942 2,329,652 Reiber Sept. 14, 1943 2,349,674

Potts May 23, 1944 

